What is Meningitis? Meningitis is a disease disorder of the nervous system that may vary depending on its location, extent and severity. This condition is rare in dogs and cats, and there is also no breed, age, or sex predisposition. …
By Dr Sarah Langton WARNING: This case study contains graphic images from a surgical procedure. The Case Reason for presentation: Zooie, an 8-year-old spayed female labrador, 33 kg, was presented to North Coast Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care for acute …
By Dr Richard Burchell The Case Odo is a three-year-old male Newfoundland that was presented with possible pyelonephritis. Odo had a history of a reduced appetite and weight loss. The Diagnosis An abdominal ultrasound demonstrated a dilated left ureter and …
THE CLINICAL PRESENTATION Apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma are tumours that develop from the apocrine cells of the anal sacs in dogs. It is a relatively uncommon tumour in dogs, representing roughly 1-2% of all skin tumours, and is rarely …
What is a Total Ear Canal Ablation (TECA)? A total ear canal ablation is the recommended technique for management of tumours within the ear, extensive benign disease (including chronic infections), failed lateral ear resection, and extension of disease into the …
What is a TPLO surgery? A Tibial Plateau Levelling Osteotomy is an orthopaedic procedure recommended for dogs with cranial cruciate ligament disease, both complete and partial ligament ruptures. Cranial cruciate ligament disease is the most common cause of hind limb …
What is OCD? If your adolescent puppy becomes lame or stiff when rising or after play on one or more legs, there are several possible reasons for it. One reason is a disease called osteochondritis dissecans (OCD). OCD negatively impacts …
What is platelet rich plasma (PRP)? Platelet rich plasma is a portion of the blood that has been processed, usually by centrifuge, to contain a higher concentration of platelets than in the whole blood. The PRP contains platelets and varying …
What is a portosystemic shunt? A portosystemic, or liver, shunt is an abnormal blood vessel that results in blood from the abdominal organs being diverted straight to the heart without entering the liver first. Normally, blood enters the liver from …
Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease Male cats are prone to urinary obstruction (blockage), which may be caused by urinary stones (calculi) or tumours. More commonly, urinary obstruction is caused by a condition called “Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease” (FLUTD) or …
What is a Patent Ductus Arteriosus? A patent ductus arteriosus is a vessel that connects the two major vessels associated with the heart, the pulmonary artery and the aorta that should have closed at, or within a few days, following …
What is Patellar Luxation? Patella luxation is a common cause of hindlimb lameness in dogs, and rarely in cats. The patella acts as a fulcrum during normal extension of the knee joint which improves the ability of the knee joint …
What is Osteosarcoma? Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone tumour in dogs. It is a malignant bone tumour that predominantly affects the bones in the limbs (appendicular osteosarcoma), but can also much less commonly affect bones of the skull, …
What is Lumbosacral Disease? Lumbosacral (LS) disease is a term for several conditions that affect the spine in the lumbosacral region (where the pelvis meets the spine). Some causes include nerve compression by a bulging intervertebral disc or other soft …
What is Laryngeal Paralysis? Laryngeal paralysis describes a failure of the larynx (also known as the voice box) to open the vocal cords during inspiration (breathing in). The larynx is important for three main reasons; it opens the vocal cords …
What is intervertebral disc disease? Intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) is the most common spinal disease in dogs and is seen occasionally in cats. Intervertebral discs are fibrocartilaginous structures that are located between the vertebrae in the spine (except for the …
What is Hip Dysplasia? Hip Dysplasia refers to abnormal growth and development of the hip joint, which causes joint inflammation and secondary osteoarthritis leading to significant hip pain. It is characterised by laxity (looseness or instability) of the hip joint, …
What is Fluoroscopy? Fluoroscopy is a type of advanced imaging that uses x-rays to acquire images of the body. It enables us to take either a single still x-ray, or take a moving/video x-ray. These images are transmitted to a …
What is fibrocartilaginous embolism (FCE)? Fibrocartilaginous embolism is a syndrome where fibrocartilaginous material dislodges and becomes lodged in a spinal or vertebral blood vessel, leading to spinal cord injury due to lack of bloody supply and oxygen. Fibrocartilaginous emboli are …
What is canine elbow dysplasia? The word “dysplasia” means “abnormality of development”. The elbow is a complex joint because it involves the articulation of three bones; the humerus, radius and ulna. These fit together to allow normal movement. When these …
What is a diaphragmatic hernia? The diaphragm is a muscular and tendinous structure that separates the abdomen from the chest and helps with breathing. A hernia is present when there is a hole in the diaphragm. The most common cause …
What is the Calcaneal Tendon? In humans this is known as the ‘Achilles’ Tendon and it runs over the back of the heel to facilitates extension of the hock and flexion of the digits. It is made up of three …
What is Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS)? Brachycephalic animals are those that have short heads and short noses, these include most Bulldogs, Pugs, Cavalier King Charles Spaniels, Boxers and other breeds. BOAS is the term given to a number of …
What is atlantoaxial instability? In the neck of the dog, the first vertebrae (called the atlas) articulates with the second vertebrae in the spine (called the axis). Instability of these two vertebrae allows excessive flexion (downward bending) of the joint …
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